In Jewish liturgy, some passages are dəvarim she-bi-qdushah, passages that require public communal prayer. Most famous among these are the Qaddish, Barkhu, and Qədushah. But people are not always able to pray in a community! In liturgical history both ancient and modern many different tashlumim (replacements) for these texts when praying individually have been suggested. The following is the Qədusha d-Sidra for an individual from Seder Rav ȝAmram, the oldest known full siddur. (The Qədusha d-Sidra is no longer considered dəvarim she-biqdushah, although Baladi-rite Yemenites replace “קדוש קדוש קודש” with one “קדושת.”) Much of the content is from the hekhalot literature or the Gemara, often demonstrating girsaot not otherwise known.
Note: “The CAUSE” is used to translate the Divine Name YHVH, based on the philosophical idea of God as the Prime Mover and on the interpretation of the Name as a causative form of the copula – “causes to be.” This translation also uses the plural pronouns They/Their/Them to refer to God as a pluralis majestatis, and to avoid the implications of God being assigned a gender. (Find Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Genesis 1:1 for a discussion of the pluralis majestatis when referring to God.) All divine referents (pronouns, epithets, names) are rendered in unicase.
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Source (Hebrew) | Translation (English) |
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וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁיָּרַֽדְתִּי מִלְּפָנָיו שָׁמַֽעְתִּי קוֹל מְדַבֵּר בְּלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי וּבַלָּשׁוֹן הַזֶּה הָיָה מְדַבֵּר – מַקְדְּשָׁא קַדִּישָׁא לְחוּרְבָּא וְהֵיכְלָא לְנוּר דְלִיק וְדִּירְתָּא דְּמַלְכָּא תִּנְטַר צַדְיוּתָא וּבְנֵי מַלְכָּא לִקְטָלָא וְחֶדְוָותֵיהּ דְּמַלְכָּא תִּנְטַר אַרְמַלְתָא בְּתוּלָן וְעוּלֵימָן לְבִזָּא וּמַדְבְּחָא דַּכְיָא לְאִסְתַּאֲבָא וּפְתוֹרָא דִּמְתַקַּן יְבַזְּתֵיהּ בַּעֲלֵי דְּבָבָא וִירוּשְׁלֵם לְצָֽדוּ וְאַרְעָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לְזֵֽיעַ! |
And when I went down from there I heard a voice speak in the Aramaic language, and in that language it was speaking: The holy temple to a ruin, and the palace to flaming fire, and the king’s abode will be kept a wasteland, and the king’s children killed, and the king’s consort will be kept a widow, lasses and lads to disgrace, and the pure altar to an abomination, and the set table enemies will disgrace, and Jerusalem to a waste, and the land of Israel to quaking! |
בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה כֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁמַֽעְתִּי אֶת־קוֹל הֶחָזָק הַזֶּה נִרְתַּֽעְתִּי וְנִדְמַֽמְתִּי וְנָפַֽלְתִּי לַאֲחוֹרַי עַד־שֶׁבָּא הַרְפִיאֵל הַדְּרִיאֵל הַדְּרָנִיֵאל אֲשֶׁר נָתַן־בִּי רֽוּחַ וּנְשָׁמָה וְהֶעֱמִידַֽנִי וְאָמַר־לִי, יְדִידִי! מֶה עָלְתָה לָךְ? אָמַֽרְתִּי־לוֹ, הָדָר זִוִי! שֶׁמָּא אֵין תַּקָּנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל!? אָמַר־לִי, יְדִידִי! בֹּא וְאַכְנִיסָךְ לְגִנְזֵי יְשׁוּעוֹת וּלְגִנְזֵי נֶחָמוֹת! הִכְנִיסַֽנִי לְגִנְזֵי יְשׁוּעוֹת וּלְגִנְזֵי נֶחָמוֹת וְרָאִֽיתִי כִּתּוֹת שֶׁלְּמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת שֶׁהֵם יוֹשְׁבִים וְאוֹרְגִים בִּגְדֵי יְשׁוּעוֹת וְעוֹשִׂין כִּתְרֵי חַיִּים טוֹבִים וַאֲבָנִים טוֹבִים שֶׁלְּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת קְבוּעוֹת בָּהֶן וּמְרַקְּחִים כׇּל־מִינֵי בְּשָׂמִים וּמַמְתִּיקִים יֵינוֹת לַצַּדִּיקִים לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. וְרָאִֽיתִי כֶּֽתֶר אֶחָד מְשֻׁנֶּה מִכׇּל־הַכְּתָרִים וְחַמָּה וּלְבָנָה וּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר מַזָּלוֹת קְבוּעִים בּוֹ. אָמַֽרְתִּי־לוֹ, הֲדַר זִוִי! כְּתָרִים הַלָּֽלוּ לְמִי? אָמַר־לִי, לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. וְכֶֽתֶר מְשֻׁבָּח זֶה לְמִי? אָמַר־לִי, לְדָוִד מֶֽלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל. אָמַֽרְתִּי לוֹ, הֲדַר זִוִי! הַרְאֵֽנִי כְּבוֹדוֹ שֶׁלְּדָוִד. אָמַר־לִי, יְדִידִי! הַמְתֵּן לִי שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת עַד־שֶׁיָּבוֹא דָּוִד לְכָאן וְתִרְאֶה בִּגְדֻלָּתוֹ׃ |
At that time, when I heard this strong voice, I trembled and was stunned and fell back, until Harfiel Hadriel Hadraniel came, who gave me spirit and soul, and raised me up, and said to me, “My beloved, what has come upon you? I said to him, “My splendid radiance, is there no fix for Israel!?” He said to me, “My beloved, come and I will bring you to the chambers of salvation and to the chambers of comfort!” He took me to the chambers of salvation and to the chambers of comfort, and I saw parties of ministering messenger-angels who were sitting and arranging clothes of salvation, and making crowns of good life with gemstones of pearls affixed in them, and compounding all kinds of spices, and sweetening wines for the righteous in the future to come. And I saw one crown different from all the crowns, with the sun and moon and zodiac affixed on it. And I said to him, “My splended radiance, for whom are these crowns?” He said to me, “For Israel.” “And this special crown is for whom?” He said to me, “For David, king of Israel.” I said to him, “My splendid radiance, show me the glory of David!” He said to me, “My beloved, wait for me three hours until David comes here and you will see his greatness.” |
תְּפָשַֽׂנִי וְהוֹשִׁיבַֽנִי בְּחֵיקוֹ. אָמַר־לִי, מָה אַתָּה רוֹאֶה? אָמַֽרְתִּי־לוֹ, אֲנִי רוֹאֶה שִׁבְעָה בְּרָקִים שֶׁהֵן רָצִין כְּאֶחָד. אָמַר־לִי, בְּנִי! כְּבֹשׁ עֵינֶֽיךָ שֶׁלֹּא־תִּזְדַּעְזֵֽעַ! הַלָּֽלוּ יָצְאוּ לִקְרַאת דָּוִד. מִיָּד רָעֲשׁוּ כׇּל־הָאוֹפַנִּים וּשְׂרָפִים וְחַיּוֹת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ וְאוֹצְרוֹת שֶֽׁלֶג וְאוֹצְרוֹת בָּרָד וְעַנְנֵי כָּבוֹד וּמַזָּלוֹת וְכוֹכָבִים וּמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת לְהוּטֵי זְבוּל וְאָמְרוּ, לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃ הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם מְֽסַפְּרִ֥ים כְּבֽוֹד־אֵ֑ל וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דָ֗יו מַגִּ֥יד הָרָקִֽיעַ׃ (תהלים יט:א-ב) וְשָׁמַֽעְתִּי קוֹל רַֽעַשׁ גָּדוֹל שֶׁבָּא מֵעֵֽדֶן וְאוֹמֵר, יִמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהֹוָ֨ה ׀ לְעוֹלָ֗ם אֱלֹהַ֣יִךְ צִ֭יּוֹן לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֗ר הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ (תהלים קמו:י) וְהִנֵּה דָּוִד מֶֽלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּרֹאשׁ וְכׇל־מַלְכֵי בֵּית דָּוִד אַחֲרָיו וְכׇל־אֶחָד וְאֶחָד כִּתְרוֹ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וְכֶֽתֶר מֶֽלֶךְ דָּוִד מֻבְהָק וּמְשֻׁנֶּה מִכׇּל־הַכְּתָרִים וְזִיווֹ הוֹלֵךְ מִסּוֹף הָעוֹלָם וְעַד־סוֹפוֹ. |
He grabbed me and set me in his lap. He said to me, “What do you see? I said to him, “I see seven lightning bolts that are all running as one.” He said to me, “My son, cover your eyes or you’ll be shocked! Those came out to greet David.” Immediately all the wheel-angels and snake-angels and holy beasts and storehouses of snow and storehouses of hail and clouds of glory and zodiac signs and stars and ministering messenger-angels flaming in glory trembled and said, “To the leader, a psalm of David. The heavens recount the glory of God, and the works of Their hands the firmament tells” (Psalms 19:1-2). And I heard a loud rushing sound that came from Eden saying, “The Cause will reign for eternity! Your God, o Zion, from generation to generation! Hallelujah!” (Psalms 146:10) And behold David, king of Israel, at the head, and all the kings of the house of David after him, and each and every one had a crown on his head, and the crown of King David was distinct and different from all the crowns, and its radiance went form one end of the universe to the other. |
כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָלָה דָּוִד לְמִדְרַשׁ גָּדוֹל שֶׁבְּרָקִֽיעַ מוּכָן־לוֹ כִּסֵּא שֶׁלְּאֵשׁ שֶׁהוּא אַרְבָּעִים פַּרְסָאוֹת גָּבֽוֹהַּ כִּפְלַֽיִם אׇרְכוֹ וְכִפְלַֽיִם רׇחְבּוֹ. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּא דָּוִד וַיֵּֽשֶׁב־לוֹ עַל־כִּסֵּא שֶׁלּוֹ הַמּוּכָן כְּנֶגְדּוֹ כִּסֵּא שֶׁלְּקוֹנוֹ כׇּל־מַלְכֵי בֵּית דָּוִד יוֹשְׁבִין לְפָנָיו וּמַלְכֵי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֲרָיו. מִיָּד אוֹמֵר דָּוִד שִׁירוֹת וְתִשְׁבָּחוֹת שֶׁלֹּא־שְׁמַעְתָּן אֹֽזֶן מֵעוֹלָם. |
When David ascended to the great study-hall in the firmament, a throne of fire was prepared for him, forty parasangs tall, twice as wide and twice as long. And when David came and sat himself on his throne, which was prepared corresponding to the throne of his Posessor, all the kings of the house of David were sitting before him, and the kings of the house of Israel behind him. Immediately David was saying songs and praises such as no ear had ever heard. |
וְכֵיוָן שֶׁפָּתַח יִמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהֹוָ֨ה ׀ לְעוֹלָ֗ם אֱלֹהַ֣יִךְ צִ֭יּוֹן לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֗ר הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ (תהלים קמו:י) |
And when he opened with “The Cause will reign for eternity! Your God, o Zion, from generation to generation! Hallelujah!” (Psalms 146:10) |
פָּתַח מֶטָטְרוֹן וְכׇל־הַמַּזָּלוֹת וְאָמְרוּ קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ (ישעיה ו:ג) |
Metatron and all the zodiac opened and said, “Holy, holy, holy is the Cause of Multitudes! All the earth is full of Their glory!” (Isaiah 6:3) |
וְחַיּוֹת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ מְשַׁבְּחוֹת וְאוֹמְרוֹת בָּר֥וּךְ כְּבוֹד־יְהֹוָ֖ה מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹ׃ (יחזקאל ג:יב) |
And the holy beasts lauding and saying, “Blessed be the Cause’s glory from its place!” (Ezekiel 3:12) |
וְהָרְקִיעִים אוֹמְרִים יִמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהֹוָ֨ה ׀ לְעוֹלָ֗ם אֱלֹהַ֣יִךְ צִ֭יּוֹן לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֗ר הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ (תהלים קמו:י) |
And the firmaments saying, “The Cause will reign for eternity! Your God, o Zion, from generation to generation! Hallelujah!” (Psalms 146:10) |
וְהָאָֽרֶץ אוֹמֶֽרֶת יְהֹוָה מֶֽלֶךְ יְהֹוָה מָלַךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ (שמות טו:יח) |
And the earth saying, “The Cause reigns! The Cause reigned! The Cause will reign for eternity and aye!” (Exodus 15:18) |
וְכׇל־מַלְכֵי בֵּית דָּוִד אוֹמְרִין וְהָיָ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־כׇּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִהְיֶ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶחָ֖ד וּשְׁמ֥וֹ אֶחָֽד׃ (זכריה יד:ט) |
And all the kings of the house of David saying, “And the Cause will be sovereign over all the earth; on that day the Cause will be one and Their name will be one” (Zechariah 14:9).[1] All the passages above, including this citation of Zechariah 14:9, is from Hekhalot Rabbati 6:4–7:2. |
ויש אומרין זו |
And some say this: |
וְאַתָּ֥ה קָד֑וֹשׁ י֝וֹשֵׁ֗ב תְּהִלּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (תהלים כב:ד) |
“And You are holy, enthroned on Israel’s praises.” (Psalms 22:4) |
שְׁנַיִם שְׂרָפִים עוֹמְדִין מִיְּמִינוֹ שֶׁלַּקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְאֶחָד מִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ שֵׁשׁ כְּנָפַיִם לְכׇל־אֶחָד. בִּשְׁתֵּים יְכַסֶּה פָּנָיו שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאוּ פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה. וּבִשְׁתַּיִם יְכַסֶּה רַגְלָיו שֶׁלֹּא יַבִּיטוּ פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה כְּדֵי לְשַׁכֵּֽחַ גְּזֵרַת הָעֵֽגֶל. וּבִשְׁתַּיִם יְעוֹפֵף׃ |
Two snake-angels stand to the right of the blessed Holy One, and one to Their left. Six wings on each. With two he covers his face, lest he see the face of the Presence. With two he covers his legs, so as not to be seen before the face of the Presence, so as to forget the decree of the calf. And with two he flies.[2] Based on Isaiah 6:2 |
שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ (ישעיה ו:ג) |
As it is said… “Holy, holy, holy is the Cause of Multitudes! All the earth is full of Their glory!” (Isaiah 6:3) |
וְאֵינָן יוֹדְעוֹת מָקוֹם לִכְבוֹדוֹ וְעוֹמְדוֹת בְּאֵימָה בְּיִרְאָה בְּרֶתֶת וּבְזִיעַ שֶׁלֹּא־יֹאכַל אֵשׁ אוֹכֶלֶת לָאֵשׁ שֶׁלְּמַלְאָכִים וּמִזֵּעַת פְּנֵיהֶם נָהָר שֶׁלְּאֵשׁ מוֹשֵׁךְ וְיוֹצֵא מִלְּפָנָיו שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר נְהַ֣ר דִּי־נ֗וּר נָגֵ֤ד וְנָפֵק֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי׃ (דניאל ז:י) וּלְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן יוֹדְעוֹת מְקוֹם כְּבוֹדוֹ עוֹנוֹת וְאוֹמְרוֹת בְּכׇל־מָקוֹם שֶׁכְּבוֹדוֹ שָׁם בָּר֥וּךְ כְּבוֹד־יְהֹוָ֖ה מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹ׃ (יחזקאל ג:יב) |
And they do not know the place of Their glory, and stand in fear and awe and trembling and shaking, that the consuming fire not consume the messenger-angels’ fire, and from the sweat of their faces a river of fire extends and goes out from before Them, as it is said, “A river of fire flows and goes out from before Them.” (Daniel 7:10) And since they do not know the place of Their glory, they respond and say in every place where Their glory is: “Blessed be the Cause’s glory from its place!’ (Ezekiel 3:12)” (Yalkut Shimoni Nach §404) |
וְעַמּוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְיַחֲדִים שְׁמוֹ הַגָּדוֹל בְּכׇל־יוֹם פַּעֲמַֽיִם בְּאַהֲבָה וְאוֹמְרִין שְׁמַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ אֶחָֽד׃ (במדבר ו:ד) הוּא מְשִׁיבָן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנִי יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הַמַּצִּיל אֶתְכֶם מִכׇּל־צָרָה |
And Their people Israel are unifying Their great name twice a day in love and saying: “Hear, Israel! The Cause is our God; the Cause is one!” (Deuteronomy 6:4) They respond to Israel, “I am the Cause your God who saves you from all stress.”[3] Everything from “Two snake-angels” on is a variant of a baraita also found in Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer 4:6—7 and Yalkut Shimoni Nach 404. |
אֵל, כְּמַאֲמָרָךְ אֲדוֹנֵֽנוּ צַדִּיק יִשְׂרָאֵל מְיַחֲלֵי צִדְקָךְ סֶֽלָה, צִדְקוֹתֶֽיךָ רוֹמְמוּ לְרוֹמֵם לָךְ. יְפַצְּחוּ פֶּה וְיֹאמְרוּ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֲדֹנֵ֑ינוּ מָה־אַדִּ֥יר שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ בְּכׇל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (תהלים ח:י) וְיַמְלִיכֽוּךָ כַּכָּתוּב בְּדִבְרֵי קׇדְשָׁךְ יִמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהֹוָ֨ה ׀ לְעוֹלָ֗ם אֱלֹהַ֣יִךְ צִ֭יּוֹן לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֗ר הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ (תהלים קמו:י) |
Deity, as per Your word, our Master, Righteous One of Israel, selah who hope for Your righteousness eternal; acclaim Your righteousnesses to acclaim You. They open their mouth and say, “O Cause our Master, how noble is Your name in all the earth!” (Psalms 8:10) And they will ensovereign You as written in Your holy words: “The Cause will reign for eternity! Your God, o Zion, from generation to generation! Hallelujah!” (Psalms 146:10) [4] To the editor’s knowledge, this concluding passage is original to this text. |
וממשיכים ”בה׳ אלהי אברהם יצחק וישראל אבותינו“ |
And continue with “O Cause, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel our ancestors…”[5] This verse, from I Chronicles 29:18, introduces the catena of verses after the Qədusha d-Sidra. |
Notes
1 | All the passages above, including this citation of Zechariah 14:9, is from Hekhalot Rabbati 6:4–7:2. |
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2 | Based on Isaiah 6:2 |
3 | Everything from “Two snake-angels” on is a variant of a baraita also found in Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer 4:6—7 and Yalkut Shimoni Nach 404. |
4 | To the editor’s knowledge, this concluding passage is original to this text. |
5 | This verse, from I Chronicles 29:18, introduces the catena of verses after the Qədusha d-Sidra. |
“תשלום לקדושה דסידרא ליחיד (סדר רב עמרם) | Replacement for the Qədusha d-Sidra for an individual praying alone or without a minyan, from Seder Rav ȝAmram” is shared through the Open Siddur Project with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International copyleft license.
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